After nearly a decade of stringent restrictions, Meghalaya, India has ushered in a new era of coal mining with the inauguration of its first scientifically operated coal block, "Saryngkham-A," located in Byndihati, East Jaintia Hills. Chief Minister Conrad K. Sangma presided over the landmark event, marking a significant departure from the environmentally damaging and hazardous "rat-hole" mining practices that had plagued the region.

The inauguration follows the lifting of a blanket ban imposed by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in 2014, which was a response to widespread safety lapses and severe environmental degradation associated with the traditional, unscientific mining methods. The "rat-hole" mining, characterized by narrow, horizontal tunnels dug into coal seams, posed immense risks to miners, leading to numerous fatalities, particularly in the coal-rich Jaintia Hills.

The state government's relentless efforts to address these concerns and implement sustainable mining practices culminated in the Supreme Court's decision to lift the ban in 2019. This paved the way for the adoption of scientific coal mining, which prioritizes safety and environmental protection.

CM Sangma expressed his elation at the inauguration, acknowledging the arduous journey and the significant economic hardship endured by the state's citizens, especially those dependent on the coal industry, during the decade-long ban. "This is truly a historic day for the people of Meghalaya," he stated, congratulating all stakeholders, including government officials, mine owners, mining lease applicants, and Dapmain Shylla, the owner of the inaugurated mining lease, for their contributions.

The inauguration of "Saryngkham-A" stems from agreements signed between the central government and three miners from Meghalaya in January 2024, aimed at initiating scientific coal mining in at least two districts. Coal India Limited is also involved as a third party. Three escrow agreements have been signed between the Controller of Coal, Government of India, and the project proponents for mining sites at Pyndengshalang in West Khasi Hills district, and Saryngkham and Lumiakhi Wahsarang in East Jaintia Hills district.

Prior to the 2014 ban, coal mining contributed approximately Rs 700 crore (approximately $8.44 million) in annual revenue to Meghalaya. The state government is now optimistic that the transition to scientific mining will revitalize the industry while adhering to stringent environmental and safety standards.

The "rat-hole" mining method, which involves clearing ground vegetation and digging pits to access coal seams, has been notorious for its dangerous working conditions and environmental impact. Tunnels are dug horizontally into the seam, with coal extracted using rudimentary tools and manually transported. The practice has led to numerous worker fatalities due to cave-ins and flooding.

The shift to scientific mining represents a significant step towards responsible resource management. The state government has emphasized its commitment to ensuring that all mining operations comply with environmental regulations and prioritize the safety of workers. The CM had stated that 12 more applications are in the advanced stages of approval. The government is actively pursuing them with the support of the project proponents and the dedicated efforts of the Department of Mining and Geology.